The Secrets of Observation Essay Topics Exposed

The Secrets of Observation Essay Topics Exposed The Nuiances of Observation Essay Topics It is crucial to get some fantastic ideas through observing media. Ultimately there's endless number of subjects it's possible to write about. You could also have a look at quality report examples Observe a category of middle school students. How observations may be used to back up the growth of kids. Let experts compose the consequence of the united states soccer essay. The precise order in which things occurred is also important whenever observing an event happening. Use the aid of true academic experts and receive the service you have earned! Tell our experts what sort of homework help on the internet you want to get. Want to Know More About Observation Essay Topics? Even though the target of an observation essay is to describe your observations, it has to additionally have a purpose. Firstly, you ought to be acquainted with the object or have the event you are describing in the e ssay at least one time in your life. When writing a political science essay, it's necessary for you to think about what you would like to go over. It is also quite possible that you've got zero opportunity to compose an essay. It's possible to include anecdotes. You wish to pick a topic you can draw a few really great observations from also. In the event the subjects understand they are a part of a study you're conducting, it is known as a non-disguised observation. Order top-notch essay at this time and certified specialists will do their very best to supply you with higher quality at fair price. You may ask your teacher to supply directions or determine an area which you're passionate about to form your topic. To demonstrate the ability to be observant, the student should select a fantastic topic. Make certain that every detail you opt to include is related to your topic. One of their features is to keep all of the info about your latest activity. Learning good topics to create interesting, it's free online. Finding observation project ideas is a comparatively straightforward process. If you wish to support your claim, you always have to write from experience. Needless to say, there are several most widespread structures that will help you orient yourself. The reasons could be absolutely different. The Hidden Facts About Observation Essay Topics You don't only want to choose anything. Any observation project ideas that you are thinking about should be things which are in your day-to-day life or otherwise easily accessible. Perhaps you do, in your mind, though it never shows. Your decision is going to be based on the target of your paper. Capture the moment and after that it can help you create convincing writing. Taking notes is a critical portion of sharing experience, that's the reason you will always will need to get a great approach to writing things down or record them. Because writing in a present tense will draw an image in recipients' mind which you're a true person who has an actual story, who's writing at that moment. Because it will draw a picture in recipients' mind that you are a real person with a real story, who is writing at that moment. The Basics of Observation Essay Topics Using example academic papers in the practice of writing is 1 strategy lots of students have started to adopt, no matter their educational level or background. You ought to create a highly effective introduction with a hook sentence that will surely draw in the reader's interest. The connection between your private experience and the topic of your observation essay needs to be at a high level as a way to have the ability t o share that certain experience with other folks. Pleasantly surprise your professor and you're almost guaranteed a fantastic grade. What Needs to be Done About Observation Essay Topics Before It's Too Late The important point to remember about an observational essay, is that specific details are the secret to an excellent paper. Feel free to request expert assistance when you have any troubles with writing an outline. There is a range of tactics to effectively start your academic paper. The most frequently encountered paper writing service that the vast majority of our clients require is essay writing. With the above listed tips, you are going to be able to locate excellent examples by which you will discover how to compose a diagnostic essay and then, have fun writing your academic papers. Academic papers can't contain any signals of plagiarism. Most students simply choose the simplest of topics for their paper and get started writing.

Effects Of The Grand Industrial Revolution - 877 Words

The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was a time that England and America set the stage for life as we know it today. It brought the developmental changes of agriculture, manufacturing, mining, communication and transportation to the European empires and eventually the entire world. Everywhere we look we can see how it has impacted our quality of life, family structure, career paths, and even education. There are endless possibilities when explaining the effects of the grand Industrial Revolution. In fact, many would say that the era of the Industrial Revolution had more of an impact on society than any other time in history. The start and end of the Industrial Revolution is still debated by historians, however between 1760 and 1840 Britain and American seen the biggest impact their countries would ever experience. It Britain the upper class folk were known as aristocrats who held high social status and were born into wealth. The peasants and farmers worked hard every day for low wages that would never let them see a better way of living. If you weren’t born into one of these wealthy families you were destined to use your hands working the fields for your whole life. The spinning machine was the first machine of its kind to spin cotton and produce product faster than any other known way at that time. It was ran by the energy of a water wheel, and inner workings similar to a clock. The man known for creating this state of the artShow MoreRelatedNegative Effects Of The Industrial Revolution923 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Agricultural Revolution gave leeway to the Industrial Revolution of the seventeenth and eighteenth hundreds. Previous landowners and investors of the Agricultural Revolution were able to start or participate Corporations and Businesses to seek great profit. New machinery and technological innovations were frequent due to the demand for faster, more efficient technology. Working class families, who were arguably the sole reason for the grand success of the Industrial Revolution, moved from theirRead MoreAmerican and French Revolution - Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican and French Revolutions declared that their goal was to crea te a new political system based on the principles of liberty and equality. However, the interpretation of those ideas by the American Founding Fathers turned out to be distinctly different from that of the French revolutionaries. How did those different interpretations of the concepts of liberty and equality affect the outcomes and the legacies of both revolutions? Analyze, compare, and contrast. The American Revolution officially beganRead MoreEmergence of the Modern World1842 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿The Emergence of Modern World The 16th century was a period of extraordinary transformation of the world. It marks the very beginning of the modern era of knowledge, skill, art and science. It was the time of grand investigation and discoveries, religious and political havocs, and astonishing literature. Europes overland trade routes to the East had been blocked by 14th century due to the disintegration of the Mongol empire and the expansion of the Ottoman Empire. Thus began the Age of DiscoveryRead MoreRomanticism Visual Art922 Words   |  4 PagesGenerally, Britain and Germany were seen at the forefront of romanticism. The British Industrial Revolution initiated a disillusionment in rationalism and materialism, consequently rejecting classicism. French Romanticism developed relatively late because of Neoclassicism being rooted in French art and especially in the society’s structure. Eugà ¨ne Delacroix’s painting Liberty Leading the People depicts the July Revolution of 1830. Parisian coup dà ©tat resulted in Charles X dethroning and replacement withRead MoreComparison and contrast between Blake and Wordsworths views on London with poems London and London, 1802 respectively.1454 Words   |  6 PagesPoetry was an outsider to the cold, efficient, emotionless environment of the Industrial Revolution. Romantics of all arts criticized the changing ways of life and idealized the pre-industrial revolution era. London was the haven to this revolution, and the hell to all poetry. William Wordsworth and William Blake both denounced Londons new environment with their poems London, 1802 and London respectively. Both authors were against this transformation of the city because it destroyed all beautyRead MoreHow Far Was the Russo – Japanese War of 1904 – 1905 Responsible for the Outbreak of the 1905 Revolution?1021 Words   |  5 PagesThe Russo – Japanese war did is seen as a short term factor that was responsible for the 1905 revolution, however there are many other short term and long term factors which also contribute to being responsible for the 1905 revolution. The way the Tsar ran the country, social problems, changing society inside and outside Russia, Bloody Sunday etc... The Russo – Japanese war saw Russia lose to Japan. Russia saw itself as a great and powerful country, compared to others, Russia wanted to expandRead MoreRomanticism Essay778 Words   |  4 Pages(writer). ïÆ'Ëœ 1762: â€Å"Man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains.† Jean-Jacques Rousseau. ïÆ'Ëœ 1770(-1840): Neo-Classicism ïÆ'Ëœ 1770(-1850): William Wordsworth (writer) was born. ïÆ'Ëœ 1770: Industrial Revolution had an influence on the Romantic period. ïÆ'Ëœ 1785: Grim Brothers. ïÆ'Ëœ 1789: French Revolution. ïÆ'Ëœ 1800 Start of Romanticism ïÆ'Ëœ 1802(-1885): Victor Hugo (writer) was born. ïÆ'Ëœ 1802(-1870): Alexandre Duman, sr. (writer) was born. ïÆ'Ëœ 1803: Romanticism welcomes Christianity. ïÆ'Ëœ 1813: The WaltzRead MoreWhat Is Fascism?1564 Words   |  7 Pageslearning objective of a History course, is to refer to such concepts, past consciousness?) which criticised the alienating effect that ‘industrial society’ (the major, revolutionary event) had on modern man, as well as late 19th century ‘critiques of Liberalism and Positivism’ (advanced acquiring of knowledge, inclusion of advanced and relevant concept). They believed that industrial society robbed men of their individuality; however they wanted to assert it at the same time (understanding of people ofRead MoreClimate Change Which Side Is Right?1714 Words   |  7 Pagesin fact real, and it is a major threat to the survival of mankind; Man is to blame for global warming because Man has emitted an array of harmful gases, primarily carbon dioxide through the burning of fossil fuels, which started during the Industrial Revolution Era. The result is an affected ozone layer. In turn the ga ses that are emitted are trapped within the Earth’s atmosphere, increasing the average temperature of the Earth at a dangerous rate. In 1970, the Clean Air Act was passed, where theRead More Reasons Behind the Industrial Revolution Essay example2739 Words   |  11 PagesReasons Behind the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was the widespread replacement of labor by machines driven by water wheels, windmills and later by steam power. This change called the Industrial Revolution was a process, which began in the 18th century and continued well into the 19th century. The Industrial Revolution was the result of interrelated changes, which transformed agricultural economies into industrial ones. The immediate changes made by

Great Gatsby (754 words) Essay Example For Students

Great Gatsby (754 words) Essay Great GatsbyIn today society, many people like to follow the current. They want to catch thewave. Which mean, it does not matter if things were good or bad, right or wrong,they just follow and do them without any thinking. Therefore, there are not toomany people would like to be a normal, thoughtful nor neutral person. However,in the novel, The Great Gatsby, by Scott Fitzgerald, one of the character nameis Nike Carroway, he was the good and neutral narrator. It was because, in thenovel, he analyzed all of the things with regard to accuracy of observation. InThe Great Gatsby, when Mr.Gatsby told Vick he wanted to return the past overagain with his lover- Daisy, Nike Carroway warned him to give it up, because itwas impossible. Unforturately, Mr.Gatsby was not believe it. So at the end,Mr.Gatsbys dream still had not came true because Daisy did not break up withTom and go with him. It can be seen in the last chapter on the novel, whenGatsby was murder, Daisy went to somewhere else with h er husband, and did not goto Gatsbys funeray. I called up Daisy half and hour after we found him, calledher instinctively and without hersitation. But she and Tom had gone away earlythat afternoon, and taken baggage with them. Therefore, Nike Carroways analysiswas right by these clear observation. However, Nike Carroway is a good narrator,he sees everything happen and does not trust everybody easily. So during thepeople discuss about something at a time, he does not believe it is true. Afterhe proves it, he will accept the truth. Moreover, when Nike went to Gatsbysparty, there is a drunk lady telling everyone Gatsby killed a man before. Somebody told me they thought he killed a man once. Also, there is one more ladysaid that Gatsby was a German spy: It is more that he was a German spy duringthe war. Nike heard it, but when Nike had a chance to have a lunch with Gatsby,he told Nike, he was an Oxford man and show him that fought in World War One. Then Nike knew Gatsby was not a German Spy nor a murderer. Furthermore, at theend of the novel, when Daisy drove Gatsbys car and killed Mrs.Wilson in a caraccident, Nikes first though Gatsby killed Mrs.Wilson. But after Gatsby toldhim all of the things at that moment, then Nike was thinking and discuss betweenGatsby and Toms speaking, and make his own conclusion. Therefore, Nike was athoughtful man and his is not afraid to face anything around him. By thesefacts, he had a clear mind and reliable in his observations, so it can makepeople believe Nike Carroways was a neutral and clear mind narrator of thisnovel, because this can be seen in Nikes personality. In the novel, Nike wasalso a neutral narrator too becasue he is the narrator who described everythingclearly and accurately. He was trustful because he described everything withoutany personal point of view; By the way, throughout the whole story, he didntdefenses for any characters nor put any of his self-feeling in it. Thats why heis a character who strived for neutrality. On the other hand, when Mr.Gatsbytells Tom that Daisy will leave Tom because she loves Tom no more, its full offires atomsphere and emotion. Ive got something to tell you, old sport- began Gatsby. But Daisy guessed at his intention. Pleasedont! she interrupted helplessly. Please lets all go home. Whydont we all go home? Thats a good idea. I got up. Come on, Tom. Nobody wants a drink. I want to know what Mr.Gatsbyhas to tell me. Your wife doesnt love you, said Gatsby. .u97771addfc558f66081ed8c5b31da934 , .u97771addfc558f66081ed8c5b31da934 .postImageUrl , .u97771addfc558f66081ed8c5b31da934 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u97771addfc558f66081ed8c5b31da934 , .u97771addfc558f66081ed8c5b31da934:hover , .u97771addfc558f66081ed8c5b31da934:visited , .u97771addfc558f66081ed8c5b31da934:active { border:0!important; } .u97771addfc558f66081ed8c5b31da934 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u97771addfc558f66081ed8c5b31da934 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u97771addfc558f66081ed8c5b31da934:active , .u97771addfc558f66081ed8c5b31da934:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u97771addfc558f66081ed8c5b31da934 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u97771addfc558f66081ed8c5b31da934 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u97771addfc558f66081ed8c5b31da934 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u97771addfc558f66081ed8c5b31da934 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u97771addfc558f66081ed8c5b31da934:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u97771addfc558f66081ed8c5b31da934 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u97771addfc558f66081ed8c5b31da934 .u97771addfc558f66081ed8c5b31da934-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u97771addfc558f66081ed8c5b31da934:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: For And Against Euthanasia EssayShes never loved you. She loves me. At that time, if Nike was notin a neutral position, he must help Gatsby or Tom. But, he did not join in theargument between Gatsby and Tom. He just put himself in a corner, keeping quietand see whatelse would happened in page 131 to page 135. Therefore, we can seethat Nike was a neutral man and a narrator who just care on the truthobservation for sure in here. It is so clear that Nike was a trustful man, so,by his unjustice information, and his truthful and accurate observation, thereader were sure that he is standing on neutral position, and the person whodoes not follow other people. By his Fantastic per sonality does not believeeverything nor what most other people said easily, it shows that Nike canstanding on neutral position truly because of his knowledge and clever.

MARKETING PLAN

Trek is a worldwide company which was established in 1979. When Trek was established, it had a simple mission, that is, to build the best bikes in the world (Trek Bicycle Corporation, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Portfolio Analysis Product Life Cycle (PLC) Trek products have undergone four stages in their life cycle namely introduction, growth, maturity and decline. Under the introduction stage, Trek’s products were first sold in US before the company expanded its market to England (Johnson, 2008). Under the growth stage, Trek expanded its market such that in 2005, Trek bikes were available in over 90 countries via 10 subsidiaries and around 70 distributors (Johnson, 2008). During this stage, the company moved from producing only mountain bikes to producing a variety of products like road bikes as well as town bikes. In the maturity stage, Trek pro ducts have become available worldwide even through the internet. In this stage, Trek products have become customer oriented through the Project One custom build program (Johnson, 2008). This enables customers to select their own features to be applied in making their bikes. Trek products are yet to undergo the decline stage and are still under maturity. BCG Matrix Adapted from:  http://www.netmba.com/strategy/matrix/bcg/ Under the BCG matrix, there are four sections which include; stars, cash cows, dogs and question marks. This section shows different combinations of both market growth rate and relative market share. Trek’s products in the BSG matrix, fall in different sections. The mountain bikes fall under the star section as they have both high market growth rate and high relative market share. The road bikes fall under the cash cows section with low growth rate but relative market share. Collections which include women’s bikes fall under the BSG dogs section a s they have both low market growth rate and low relative market share. The town bikes fall under the section of question marks because of their high market growth rate and low relative market share. This portfolio analysis shows how different Trek’s products are faring in the market.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More SWOT Analysis Trek has established itself in producing high quality products which is one of its strengths (Griffin, 2011). The company has other strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. This company’s SWOT analysis is summarized in a grid format below. Strengths Trek’s Advanced Components Group is dedicated in ensuring it offers innovative and quality products (Johnson, 2008). Trek dynamic partnerships with organizations such as Bikes Belong and Bikes around the Community to ensure greater good (Johnson, 2008). Trek passion for bicycle industry which is evident as it actively promotes new regulation (Johnson, 2008). Weaknesses Lack of customer demographics as it is unaware of its core consumers (Johnson, 2008). Trek is too aggressive with their management as it tries not to compromise its great brand equity (Johnson, 2008). Trek has failed to produce a variety of products to exploit a larger range of customers (Johnson, 2008). Opportunities Bicycles becoming preferred mode of transportation with rising cost of gas and the upcoming of the Green Movement (Johnson, 2008). Aging population turning to cycling as a way to stay physically active to avoid poor health (Johnson, 2008). The launch of Go By Bike challenge has increased use of Trek bikes for short distances (Johnson, 2008). Threats Japan’s introduction of innovative and highly technological advanced products in the bike industry (Johnson, 2008). The rise of commodity prices due to the economy and the cost of materials (Johnson, 2008) . Competing prices from competitors like Specialized Bicycle Components (Johnson, 2008). Competitors With Trek operating worldwide, it faces great competition from other companies in the bike industry. The greatest competitors include; Giant Manufacturing, Specialized Bicycle Components, Electra Bicycle and Schwinn Bicycle Company (Johnson, 2008). Giant Manufacturing has established good marketing of their products all over the world. This has been possible through advertising mostly through promotions and tournaments. This has created a big name with brand recognition in the world. The company has a variety of products to suit different needs of different categories of their consumers. The company enhances its distribution through use of bike dealers and local retailers. Specialized Bicycle Components has developed from producing only mountain bikes to also producing road bikes. The company has established itself with the introduction of Stumpjumper in both mountain and road b ikes. The company has established a strong market hold through its production of cutting-edge bicycle products. The company has intensified its distribution through use of sporting good stores and discount retailers as a way of reaching new customers (Jobber, 2010). Electra Bicycle is another Trek’s big competitor with its bikes guaranteed to be creative ones. The company’s success has greatly been influenced by production of cruiser bicycles which were America’s standard bike in early 1930’s. The company has applied innovation in combining modern bike styles with that of cruisers. This use of old school looks with contemporary technology to produce cruiser bikes has led to the company’s significant growth. On the other hand, Schwinn Bicycle Company has remained successful as a cheap entry-level bike as its brand has been around longer as compared to other competing companies. The company was associated with production of quality bikes but this has changed. The company has been unable to produce quality bikes but still have an upper-level lineup. With the idea of poor quality products among consumers, the company’s market share has decreased significantly. The company still has the opportunity to capture some of the lost market share through use of the new line of bikes it has introduced. This will only be possible if the company markets them correctly (Svend, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Though Trek is a faced with high competition from its competitors it is still faring well worldwide due to its competitive advantage. Through its production of quality and innovative products which are customer oriented, Trek has become the best not only to bikers but even to non-bikers. This has been as a result of its constant quest for innovation in the maturity stage and across regions (Kolter, and Arm strong, 2010). Four key issues One of the key issues the company should address is how to maintain and increase the market share of current products. This is because the company has a weakness of forecasting and reacting to demand. This is because this weakness under Ansoff Growth matrix calls for market penetration. Another issue which Trek should consider is how to come up with new products through product development to solve its weakness of lack of a variety of products (Cooper, and Lane, 1997). Another issue to consider should be which technology to be applied in order to ensure production of products which compete with those from Japan and which promote Green Movement. The fourth issue which the company should consider is how to restructure a mature market through driving out competitors (Kumar, 2010). This according to Ansoff Growth matrix will enable market penetration. According to Ansoff‘s Growth matrix, the company should undertake market product development as it s growth strategy (Bachmeier, 2009). This is because under the PLC analysis the company is under the maturity stage. Under this stage, though the company has introduced new products like road bikes and town bikes, more innovative products are required under collections. In the BCG matrix the collections are under the question mark section as they have high market growth but low market relative share. This means that the company needs to come up with new innovative and technologically advanced products under collections as a way of product development (Doyle and Stern, 2006). References Bachmeier, K., 2009. Analysis of Marketing Strategies Used by PepsiCo Based on Ansoff’s Theory. Norderstedt: GRIN Verlag.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cooper, J., Lane, P., 1997. Practical Marketing Planning. Athens: Macmillan. Doyle, P., Stern, P., 2006. Marketing management and strategy. New York: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Griffin, R., 2011. Fundamentals of Management. New York: Cengage Learning. Jobber, D., 2010. Principles and Practice of Marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Johnson, S., 2008. Trek Bicycle Corporation: Situation Analysis. Web. Kolter, P., Armstrong, G., 2010. Principles of Marketing. New York: Pearson. Kumar, D., 2010. Enterprise Growth Strategy: Vision, Planning and Execution. Farnham: Gower Publishing, Ltd. Svend, H., 2006. Marketing planning: a global perspective. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Trek Bicycle Corporation, 2012. We believe in a better world. Web. This report on Marketing Plan was written and submitted by user Lindsey Goff to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Marketing Plan Terms of reference The business plan is to start Acme consulting Services Company that provides consultancy services to companies which deal in the production of hardware and software products to become competitive in the current and new markets by identifying effective distribution channels to reach local and international markets and to increase the market shares.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing Plan – Acme Consulting Services Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Executive summary This is a business plan for Acme consulting Services Company that aims to offer consultancy services to corporate entities like IBM in the computer hardware and software industry. The services include identifying new market opportunities and hardware and software distribution channels that could be cost effective and assure higher returns on investments. To determine the feasibility of the business plan, the auth or conducted a comprehensive analysis of the macro and micro business environments, a SWOT and PESTEL analyses to evaluate the different marketing environments. Porter’s five forces were used to determine the role the forces play in the market to help formulate an effective business strategy and the most appropriate approach to control the business and ensure success. Business Mission Acme consulting company’s business mission is to provide high quality professional marketing consultancy services for computer hardware and software manufacturers. Political factors Here, computer hardware and software and related electronic devices are sold under the â€Å"copyright, patent, trademark, and trade secret laws and the licensing of rights in software subject to contract law, bankruptcy law, and antitrust (competition) laws† (Neubauer Meinhold 2012, p.3). Economic Factors Computer technology is one of the largest employers in the UK’s job market that has experi enced rapid growth and enables companies to increase productivity in different sector of the economies of many countries (Knox, Agnew McCarthy 2014). For instance, Intel’s cumulative economic impact showed an increase of â€Å"44,800 jobs in 2008 to 53,200 in 2012, with a $39.4 billion in wages and salaries and benefits and a contribution of $120.7 billion to the GDP of the UK (Knox, Agnew McCarthy 2014). The direct impact on the economy includes job creation, increase in GDP and availability of labor as shown in figure 1.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Figure 1: Intel benefits (Keller Yeaple 2009) Statics show that the price of computer hardware and software decreased by 67% between 2002 and 2007 and a 40.3% decline in the price of semiconductors† (Keller Yeaple 2009). However, the current business plan is justified because a decrease in price stimulate s demand for hardware and software products in the international market leading to higher profits that translates to increased service turnover. Microenvironment Market According to Duke and Tucker (2007), the consultancy services offered by Acme targets high technology computer hardware and software product manufacturers intending to increase their market shares in the United States and European markets. The potential customers include executives from large corporations, sales representatives and general managers charged with the responsibility of creating and expanding local and international markets for the software and hardware products (Singh, Veron-Jackson Cullinane 2008). Acme provides solutions for market access problems experience by large corporations using the company’s consultancy services by enabling the companies to avoid investing in high risk markets to reduce the cost of hiring new staff (Zou Cavusgil 2002). Internal Marketing Audit The internal market audi t was conducted to determine the strengths and resources required to make the company competitive in the market. According to Kotler and Armstrong (2013), skilled manpower is important for a company to be successful and based that argument, Acme has hired 5 skilled personnel with supply chain and marketing management skill and content publishing on the company’s websites.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing Plan – Acme Consulting Services Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The new workers have knowledge and contacts of customers across a large network of customers across the world (Wei 2010). Acme consultancy has a disciplined workforce employed on a permanent terms of services. In addition, the company has an efficient marketing team who are well trained marketing strategies and relationship management (Morgan, Vorhies Mason 2009). According to Zou and Cavusgil (2002), a critical eva luation of the approaches used to interface with the customers recommends Acme consultancy services to coordinate the communication function to achieve the communication goals effectively (Pride 2008). When seeking for clarification on issues, the company has specialised personnel who interact with the clients by updating the client on issues that might arise in the market. A critical analysis of the company’s performance between 2010 and 2014 shows a 10% increase of profits in the first year and an increase in demand for the consultancy services (Piercy Morgan 1994). The strategic issues that were considered in the study include cost leadership, cost focus, differentiation focus, and differentiation of the services. The cost leadership strategy is based on the lowest prices that Acme offers and uses for competitive advantage in the current market (Helms Nixon 2010). Most of the competitors offer high prices as compared with lower prices offered by the Acme consultancy Comp any. However, by combining good pricing, focus on service provision, and market segmentation and the operational strength of the company in the current market, an overall balance of the generic factors that puts the company in the middle of the rectangle is achieved (Roger 2010). Operating results The expected turnover from the consultancy services is expected to increase by 20% in the first year and increase by 20% per year for the next two years before achieving a 50% increase in 5 years. The estimates are based on the size of the market, the company’s competitive advantage over rival companies that offer similar services in the industry. Strategic Issues analysis An analysis of the service provision industry shows that most of the industry players lack the competencies of skilled consultants who can advise them in the distribution of software and hardware products in the market (Filip 2012). The gap provides a significant opportunity for Acme to fill by making an investmen t in the industry to generate revenue by addressing the gap in the industry.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, Acme faces the challenge of how to brand itself to be viewed as a risk free consultancy service provider to enable the large companies invests in the services and develop a positive risk appetite for the services provided by the company. Marketing Objectives To increase the volume of sales of the computer hardware and software products by 10 per cent in each market segment To increase the number of corporate entities seeking for Acme consultancy services on computer hardware and software distribution channels and market growth by 7% in each year’ To increase the revenue earned from the consultancy services by 5% of the current revenue generation in the next financial year. To increase the Internet presence of the Acme consultancy services in the Internet market by 20%. Market Segmentation Zou and Cavusgil (2002) contend that segmentation should be a strategic tool that enables a company to focus on the market and specialise in the provision of consultancy services. Here, the strategic market segments are the large corporation in the United Sates that include Apple, Microsoft, IBM and Hewlett-Packard that manufacture specialised computer hardware and software products. According to Tavitiyaman and Zhang (2011), Acme offers services by identifying the best supply chain channels and alternative companies to use to outsource their services. Core competencies The company has employed highly skilled and experienced personnel with over 10 years working experience in the industry. The employees have worked with many clients in the industry and many of their clients always remain loyal to them (Cole, Graves Cipkowski 2010). Competitive advantage The company has a strong brand image and many of the employees are experts with a lot of experience and knowledge in computer hardware, software, and marketing skills as added advantages. Positioning in the market The company will conduct a comprehensive market analysis by identifying the target customers who are the manufacturers of computer hardware and software in the UK and create a strong market positioning strategy shown below. Figure 2: Market positioning (Takano 2009) The figure shown above provides a market positioning model for the company to use to position itself in the market. The model shows the elements identified by customers, the points of reference, and the competitive frames to focus on when positioning the company ion the market. Portfolio Analysis Figure 3: Competitiveness (Sridhar 2010) The firm proposes to invest in the provision of consultancy services in the computer hardware and software industry to enable the firms benefiting from the services to identify the most profitable markets both locally and internationally. Marketing mix effectiveness The marketing mix consists of the product, price, place, and promotion components that are critical for the company’s success because promotions is conducted through social media websites to reach large audience of customers. Figure 4: Service marketing mix (Sridhar 2010) The elements to consider to be effective include processes, physical evidence of the location of the company and its infrastructure, the evidence of the links among different companies, promotional tools such as advertisements on the Internet, the people, the product being offered the services, the pricing, and the place (Internet). Marketing structures systems The company has a partnership with three partners who contributed financial resources to start the company. The business was not incorporated entity because the owner decided to have a sole proprietorship, but the terms of the business contract binding the three stakeholders together are drawn in an agreement that shows the binding terms and how to share the profits from the business. The agreement includes the roles of each stakeholder in the business. The company stakeholders hold monthly meetings to evaluate the performance of the business and create new strate gies when necessary. SWOT Analysis Strengths Service focused on effective distribution channels and new markets A balanced pricing strategy based on Porters generic strategies Strong brand recognition Weaknesses I. Lack of office branches in emerging markets Opportunities Increase in demand for new markets and efficient and cost effective distribution channels Threats New entrants Table 1: SWOT analysis (Sridhar 2010) The strengths of Acme consultancy services include effective and efficient distribution channels in existing and emerging markets for the large corporations to optimise to increase revenue, increase market share, and reduce by a significant amount the number of costly distribution channels and markets (Takano 2009). Marketing Objectives The objectives are based on the following suggestions: Employ a brand positioning strategy for IBM and other computer hardware and software products. Provide evidence to the prospective clients of the ability to identi fy new markets, optimise existing distribution channels, and create cost effective high response channels for their products. Strategic objectives An analysis of the current market needs shows that companies are in need of identifying cost effective distribution channels and Porter’s Five Forces Sridhar (2010) argues that the five forces model provides the baseline for the management of the company to analyse its business strategy and the level of competition to determine the attractiveness of the business. In context of Porter’s five forces’ framework, Acme applies its core competencies to generate revenue and profits that are above industry profits. According to Sridhar (2010), the framework is composed of five components which include the bargaining power of the entrants, the threat of new entrants, threat of substitutes, and the bargaining power of buyers as illustrated in table 1 below. Figure 5: Industry Rivalry (Sridhar 2010) Bargaining power of supplie rs Roger (2010) maintains that the concept of the bargaining power of suppliers is based on the ability of the customer to exert pressure on Acme consultancy Services Company adjust to prices to the needs of the customers’ buying or consuming the consultancy services. There are competitors that can offer the consultancy services on hardware and software product and identify cost effective distribution lines (Sridhar 2010). Threat of new entrants Sridhar (2010) provides a critical analysis of the consultancy industry in the computer software and hardware industry showing that increasing opportunities in the industry are likely to attract new entrants into the computer hardware and software consultancy services industry. Rao, Agarwal and Dahlhoff (2004) argue that the government policy, customer loyalty, brand equity, capital requirements, absolute cost, economies of scale cost advantage, and access to distribution channels make it more difficult for new entrants into the indus try. Threat of substitutes In theory, the threat of substitutes revolves around the propensity of the customers to switch to other companies offering similar services. According to Rao, Agarwal and Dahlhoff (2004), the potential factors Acme has evaluated include the switching costs, ease of substitution, quality depreciation, the relative performance of the substitute companies, number of companies offering substitute services in the market, and the perceived level of services differentiation to formulate a strategy to address the threat of substitutes. The overall conclusion is that the threat of substitutes is low. Bargaining power of buyers The bargaining power of buyers is based on the concepts of buyer concentration where the number consumers of the services offered by Acme consultancy services determine the degree of dependence of the firm on the buyers. According to Sridhar (2010), the availability of information of the services and the companies that offer similar services, the price sensitivity of the company that are receiving the services from Acme consultancies, and the buyer bargaining leverage contribute to the strategic approach the company will make to ensure that the company addresses the concern of buyer powers to lock in the customers. Industry Rivalry Sridhar (2010) argues that competitive rivalry is a situation where different firms operating in the same industry offering similar services compete for the available market. The degree of transparency in the provision of the consultancy services by other firms is high. Morgan, Vorhies and Mason (2009) contend that the presence of firms on the Internet is high and that has increased the competition from the firms offering consultancy services. However, to address issues related to industry rivalry, the firm’s strategy is based on the powerful competitive strategy to address the rivalry in the industry (Sridhar 2010). PESTEL The Political, Economic, Social and Technological analysis (PE STEL) referred to as PESTEL are macro-economic forces that could have a potential effect on the operations of Acme consultancy Services Company (Tuten 2009). Political The company will operate in countries with political stability where copyright laws cannot be violated (Ho 2014). Economic The economies of the current and target markets suffered the global economic crisis but they have recovered and the demand for computer hardware and software products is on the rise (Kotabe Helsen 2014). Social The social factors in the current and target markets include the aspects of health, culture, attitude and emphasis on safety, and the market demand for the use of the computer hardware and software products (Yà ¼ksel 2012). Technological The technological aspect include the rapid changes in technology and the need adapt to the changes. The study shows that the corporate entities in the business are sensitive to the rapid changes in computer technology and the provision of products that ar e up to date and latest in the market (Yà ¼ksel 2012). Legal environment The legal environment allows for freedom of association in many countries the company intend to take its operations (Neubauer Meinhold 2012). Core strategies The core business strategy will be based on pricing the services being offered by the company to ensure that the customers are offered services at competitive prices compared to those offered by competing firms. In addition, the market research reports will be priced at $ 5,000 and each consultancy service will be priced at $ 2000 per day and $ 10, 000 per month for the service providers that are retained and giving daily services for a full moth (Kotler 2011). The sales strategy is defined by information on the project, retailer, market research, and strategy reports. In addition, the core elements that define the strategy include a good pricing mechanism using social media and communication channels for promotional purposes. According to Thackeray, Nei ger, Hanson and McKenzie (2008), the place strategy consists of the use of a website to host details about the services on offer, the people consists of the challenges facing the corporations, the product consists of the services tailored for each company, and the process consists of the procedures necessary to develop excellent consultancy services (Van Zee 2009). Target markets The target markets will include the United States, the UK, Latin America, and the third worlds countries markets that are emerging and growing quickly. Competitor targets The competitor target is DSofware that is now offering consultancy services at exorbitant prices that has weakened its position in the market, lowering its competitiveness in the market (Uzama 2009). Competitive advantage use of skilled and experienced staff.  Establishment of many links with many companies in the local and international markets. Marketing Mix Decisions Description Product Marketing research that provides detailed a nalysis of the market intelligence reports on the performance of other companies. Price Compare and determine the right pricing strategies People The employees are equipped with the right skills to offer the consultancy services required in the computer hardware and software industry. Promotion Promotion will be done on the Internet, social media, brochures, and other communication platforms. Distribution The distribution channels include the use of media to reach different companies in need of the service offered by the company. Table 2: Marketing mix (Kotler Armstrong 2013) The table shows the marketing decision mix elements of distribution, price, promotion, people, and product that the company will consider when making the decision to offer consultancy services for the corporate entities in the computer hardware and software industry (Thackeray et al. 2008). Budget Details $ Startup expenses Legal fees 1,000 Insurance 5,00 Consultancy 250 Stationery 500 Brochures 500 Expense equipment 4000 Total 6750 Starting assets Current Assets 5000 Cash at hand 15000 Total 20,000 Long term assets Funding sources 5000 Shareholder A 2500 Shareholder B 2500 Total 10,000 Liabilities Borrowings 2500 Account payable 10,000 Total 12,500 Total liabilities and capital 49, 250 Table 3: Budget (Author 2014) The budget is subject to revision depending on changes that might occur in the market and people who may show interest to become share shareholders. Organisation and Implementation Regular meetings are held with the employees under the leadership of the organisational manager to on a weekly basis to evaluate the success of the company and the problems and challenges the company faces in the provision of consultancy services (Terrados, Almonacid Hontoria 2007). In addition, the management evaluates the performance of the employees of the company and to formulate new motivation and strategies to remai n competitive in the market. Control To determine the success of the marketing plan, the firm will engage in a comprehensive evaluation and control process (Zou Cavusgil 2002). Various parameters will be utilized in determining the success of the marketing plan. Firstly, the firm will analyze its sales revenue in order to determine the percentage change. The margin of change obtained from the analysis will enable the firm to determine the effectiveness of its marketing strategies (Goi 2009). Reflexive Account Before I wrote this business plan, I used to think that it was an easy task. However, when I started to write the business plan, I realised how important it was to read widely on different areas that contribute to a comprehensive business plan (Westwood 2013). For the first time I was able to read be informed of the need to identify the core elements of a business plan stating with the mission statement that provides the purpose or the reason for the existence of the company. I came across many business plans that have been prepared by different authors on the Internet and I noted that conducting an audit of the internal and external market environment was a preliminary and important step in the right direction in determining the feasibility of the plan. The political and economic factors of the macro environment were fundamental in determining the viability of doing business in different environments. A study of the micro environment was done by analysing target market segments to tailor the services according to the needs and expectations of the customers using the business plan. One of the areas of critical importance to the study is Porter’s five forces in the market. The five forces provide the company with the ability to analyse its business strategy by determining the impact of the five forces on its overall strategy. I was able to identify the competitors and the effects they could have on the company’s business strategy and that en ables me to revise the strategy to ensure that the results were according to the business goals and objectives. The main forces were the rivalry in the services industry that consists of the threat of new entrants, threat of substitutes, bargaining power of suppliers, and the bargaining power of the buyers. The most important element here was to translate the academic practices and knowledge into the real world business environment.  As I continued with the study by putting the business plan elements together, I realised that adding a SWOT analysis to the competitive framework of the company, I was able to determine the strengths of the company, its weaknesses, the market opportunities, and the threats from new entrants into the industry and the strategic methods to address the weaknesses and threats of the new entrants. SWOT was important because I was able to identify the key strengths and optimise them to exploit the weaknesses of the competitors to penetrate the market and inc rease revenue from the services being offered by the company. Using the SWOT and the PESTEL analyses by combining the results from the study, I was able to decide on the best methods to use to achieve the business objectives I had set down and the core strategies to pursue using the current budget I had drawn. In conclusion, I have realised the importance of writing a business plan, the important of creating and outline of the control strategy, and need to motivate employees before starting a business. References Cole, K., Graves, T Cipkowski, P 2010, ‘Marketing the library in a digital world’, The Serials Librarian, vol. 4, no. 58, pp. 182 Duke, L M Tucker, T 2007, ‘How to develop a marketing plan for an academic library’, Technical services quarterly, vol. 1, no. 25, pp. 51-68. Filip, A 2012, ‘A global analysis of the educational market environment’, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 1, no. 46, pp.1552-1556. Goi, C. L 2009, â₠¬ËœA review of marketing mix: 4Ps or more?’, International Journal of Marketing Studies, vol. 1, no. 1, pp.2 Helms, M M Nixon, J 2010, ‘Exploring SWOT analysis–where are we now?’, A review of academic research from the last decade. Journal of Strategy and Management, vol. 3, no.3, pp. 215-251. Ho, J K K 2014, ‘Formulation of a Systemic PEST Analysis for Strategic Analysis’, European Academic Research, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 6478-492. Keller, W Yeaple, S R 2009, ‘Multinational enterprises, international trade, and productivity growth: firm-level evidence from the United States’, The Review of Economics and Statistics, vol. 4, no. 91, pp. 821-831. Knox, P, Agnew, J McCarthy, L 2014, The geography of the world economy, Routledge, London. Kotabe, M M Helsen, K 2014, Global marketing management, Wiley Global Education, New York. Kotler, P Armstrong, G 2013). Principles of Marketing 15th Global Edition, Pearson, London Kotler, P 2011, ‘Reinventing marketing to manage the environmental imperative’, Journal of Marketing, vol. 4, no. 75, pp. 132-135. Morgan, N A, Vorhies, D W Mason, C H 2009, ‘Market orientation, marketing capabilities, and firm performance’, Strategic Management Journal, vol. 8, no.30, pp. 909-920. Neubauer, D Meinhold, S 2012, Judicial process: law, courts, and politics in the United States, Cengage Learning, London. Piercy, N F Morgan, N A 1994, ‘The marketing planning process: behavioral problems compared to analytical techniques in explaining marketing plan credibility’, Journal of Business Research, vol. 3, no. 29, pp. 167-178 Pride, W 2008, Marketing. Cengage Learning, Boston. Rao, V. R Agarwal, M. K Dahlhoff, D 2004, ‘How is manifest branding strategy related to the intangible value of a corporation?’, Journal of Marketing, vol. 4, no. 68, pp. 126-141. Roger, K 2010, Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments. Pearson Education, N ew Jersey. Singh, T, Veron-Jackson, L Cullinane, J 2008, ‘Blogging: A new play in your marketing game plan’, Business Horizons, vol. 4, no. 51, pp. 281-292. Sridhar, K 2010, ‘An incumbent vs. a new entrant: a Porter’s five forces tale of a powerful electricity provider vs. a green energy retailer’, International Journal of Sustainable Strategic Management, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 138-154. Takano, S E 2009, ‘Application of combined SWOT and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for tourism revival strategic marketing planning: A Case of Sri Lanka tourism’, Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, vol. 1, no. 8, pp.112 Tavitiyaman, P, Qu, H Zhang, H Q 2011, ‘The impact of industry force factors on resource competitive strategies and hotel performance’, International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 3, no. 30, pp. 648-657. Thackeray, R Neiger, B L, Hanson, C L McKenzie, J F 2008, ‘Enhancing promotio nal strategies within social marketing programs: use of Web 2.0 social media’, Health promotion practice, vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 338-343. Terrados, J, Almonacid, G Hontoria, L 2007, ‘Regional energy planning through SWOT analysis and strategic planning tools.: Impact on renewables development’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 6, no. 11, pp. 1275-1287. Tuten, T 2009, ‘Real world experience, virtual world environment: The design and execution of marketing plans in Second Life’, Marketing Education Review, vol. 1, no. 19, pp. 1-5. Uzama, A 2009, ‘Marketing Japan’s travel and tourism industry to international tourists’, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 3, no. 21, pp. 356-365. Van Zee, A 2009, ‘The promotion and marketing of oxycontin: commercial triumph, public health tragedy’, American Journal of Public Health, vol. 2, no. 99, pp.12-29 Wei, M 2010, ‘Construction of mark eting management information system of travel agency based on customer relationship management’, Advanced Materials Research, vol. 1, no. 136, pp. 69-76. Westwood, J 2013, How to write a marketing plan, Kogan Page Publishers, London Yà ¼ksel, I 2012, ‘Developing a multi-criteria decision making model for PESTEL analysis’, International Journal of Business and Management, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 52 Zou, S Cavusgil, S 2002, ‘The GMS: a broad conceptualization of global marketing strategy and its effect on firm performance’, Journal of Marketing, vol. 4, no. 66, pp. 40-56. This report on Marketing Plan – Acme Consulting Services Company was written and submitted by user Eva Ross to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Marketing Plan

Gomennasai Versus Sumimasen in Japanese

Gomennasai Versus Sumimasen in Japanese Both Gomennasai and Sumimasen are used when you have made a  mistake or inconvenienced someone. Sumimasen is also used when expressing a feeling of gratitude, but Gomennasai cannot be used in such situations. For the most part, it comes down to a matter of personal preference whether to use either Sumimasen 㠁™ã  ¿Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€œ or Gomennasai 㠁”ã‚ Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ªÃ£ â€¢Ã£ â€ž, but there are a few subtleties to be aware of. Sumimasen is a little more formal than Gomennasai.When you apologize to the higher or the senior, Sumimasen is used in general.Among the family members or close friends, it is common to use Gomennasai. Gomen ne or Gomen can be used in a more casual case.Older people tend to use Sumimasen more than younger people. Gomennasai can be used when apologizing to someone with whom you have a close relationship. But when speaking with superiors or people with whom one is not very close, Sumimasen or Moushiwake arimasen are used instead, since Gomennasi can have a childish ring to it.

History of the 19th Century Whaling Industry

History of the 19th Century Whaling Industry The 19th-century whaling industry was one of the most prominent businesses in America. Hundreds of ships setting out from ports, mostly in New England, roamed the globe, bringing back whale oil and other products made from whales. While American ships created a highly organized industry, the hunting of whales had ancient roots. It is believed that men began hunting whales as far back as the Neolithic Period, thousands of years ago. And throughout recorded history, the enormous mammals have been highly prized for the products they can provide. Oil obtained from a whale’s blubber has been used for both lighting and lubricating purposes, and the bones of the whale were used to make a variety of useful products. In the early 19th century, a typical American household might contain several items manufactured from whale products, such as candles or corsets made with whalebone stays. Common items which today might be made of plastic were fashioned of whalebone throughout the 1800s. Origins of Whaling Fleets The Basques, from present-day Spain, were going to sea to hunt and kill whales about a thousand years ago, and that appears to be the beginning of organized whaling. Whaling in the Arctic regions began about 1600 following the discovery of Spitzbergen, an island off the coast of Norway, by the Dutch explorer William Barents. Before long the British and Dutch were dispatching whaling fleets to the frozen waters, at times coming close to violent conflict over which country would control the valuable whaling grounds. The technique used by the British and Dutch fleets was to hunt by having the ships dispatch small boats rowed by teams of men. A harpoon attached to a heavy rope would be thrown into a whale, and when the whale was killed it would be towed to the ship and tied alongside. A grisly process, called cutting in, would then begin. The whale’s skin and blubber would be peeled off in long strips and boiled down to make whale oil. Whaling in America In the 1700s, American colonists began developing their own whale fishery (note: the term â€Å"fishery† was commonly used, though the whale, of course, is a mammal, not a fish). Islanders from Nantucket, who had taken to whaling because their soil was too poor for farming, killed their first sperm whale in 1712. That particular species of whale was highly prized. Not only did it have the blubber and bone found in other whales, but it possessed a unique substance called spermaceti, a waxy oil found in a mysterious organ in the massive head of the sperm whale. It is believed that the organ containing the spermaceti either aids in buoyancy or is somehow related to the acoustic signals whales send and receive. Whatever its purpose to the whale, spermaceti became greatly coveted by man.   By the late 1700s, this unusual oil was being used to make candles which were smokeless and odorless. Spermaceti candles were a vast improvement over the candles in use before that time, and they have been considered the best candles ever made, before or since. Spermaceti, as well as whale oil obtained from rendering the blubber of a whale, was also used to lubricate precision machine parts. In a sense, a 19th-century whaler regarded a whale as a swimming oil well. And the oil from whales, when used to lubricate machinery, made the industrial revolution possible. Rise of an Industry By the early 1800s, whaling ships from New England were setting out on very long voyages to the Pacific Ocean in search of sperm whales. Some of these voyages could last for years. A number of seaports in New England supported the whaling industry, but one town, New Bedford, Massachusetts, became known as the world’s center of whaling. Of the more than 700 whaling ships on the world’s oceans in the 1840s, more than 400 called New Bedford their home port. Wealthy whaling captains built large houses in the best neighborhoods, and New Bedford was known as The City that Lit the World. Life aboard a whaling ship was difficult and dangerous, yet the perilous work inspired thousands of men to leave their homes and risk their lives. Part of the attraction was the call of adventure. But there were also financial rewards. It was typical for a crew of a whaler to split the proceeds, with even the lowliest seaman getting a share of the profits. The world of whaling seemed to possess its own self-contained society, and one feature which is sometimes overlooked is that whaling captains were known to welcome men of diverse races. There were a number of black men who served on whaling ships, and even a black whaling captain, Absalom Boston of Nantucket. Whaling Lives On in Literature The Golden Age of American whaling extended into the 1850s, and what brought its demise was the invention of the oil well. With oil extracted from the ground being refined into kerosene for lamps, the demand for whale oil plummeted. And while whaling continued, as whalebone could still be used for a number of household products, the era of the great whaling ships faded into history. Whaling, with all its hardships and peculiar customs, was immortalized in the pages of Herman Melvilles classic novel Moby Dick. Melville himself had sailed on a whaling ship, the Acushnet, which left New Bedford in January 1841. While at sea Melville would have heard many tales of whaling, including reports of whales that attacked men. He would even have heard famous yarns of a malicious white whale known to cruise the waters of the South Pacific. And an immense amount of whaling knowledge, much of it quite accurate, some of it exaggerated, found its way into the pages of his masterpiece.

Eco reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Eco reading - Essay Example Technology amplifies material resources necessary for driving economic development. Technology, in a modernized world, is a moral force that works to promote innovation, productivity and result. As it appears, technology is responsible for vastly propagating modernist ideals across the planet. Technological transfer from advanced to less developed nations is crucial for spurring development projects in least developed areas. Development depends on the production of knowledge capable of providing scientific mirror of both social and economic challenges facing a nation as well as the available resources that can be used to counter the challenges. As such, the need to build institutions to generate scientific knowledge was imminent and inescapable (37). Modern scholars perceive modern science to be more accurate and fair compared to the past periods when social science was marred with error and prejudice. Even though technology played a crucial role in developing world, especially Latin America, it blocked other modes of learning (37). Every region has different problems that call for varying approaches in finding the solution to the problems. Therefore, specific scientific approach must be focused to a country in order to effectively understand and resolve the underlying issues. Developed nations were believed to be better placed to steer economic development all over the world because of their relatively strong financial background and high technological capacity. However, science and technology has put the poor in an awkward position because they have lost control over their lives and become targets of complex scientific practices (38). Science is portrayed to work in favor of the rich, while keeping the poor immersed in their state of poverty. Thus, science and technology raised a crucial humanitarian

An experiment paper on the effectiveness of the Pandan plant in Essay

An experiment paper on the effectiveness of the Pandan plant in repelling cockroaches from food - Essay Example More often than not, people avoid cockroaches or try to kill or repel them, mainly because they carry disease and germs, and the fact that many people either find cockroaches disgusting, or are afraid of them. This is why these people spend money on insecticides, repellants, exterminators and other chemicals and gadgets for the purpose of getting rid of cockroaches. As commonly known, cockroaches are attracted to food, and are often found in dark confined places of the home. These cockroaches that we see are actually only a small percentage of the actual number of cockroaches in your home. According to an article by extension.umn.edu, â€Å"Cockroaches are nocturnal, hiding during the day and becoming active at night. The number of cockroaches people see is usually a small percentage of a much larger population.† And this means that there are definitely more cockroaches in your home than you expect. The problem with trying to maintain a cockroach-free home is that it costs quite a bit of money, and most extermination or repellant methods are difficult to apply, or have off-putting odors. This paper's aim is to test a natural, non-toxic, easy-to-use, and environment-friendly way of repelling cockroaches from your food, or your home and rooms. It aims to test the effectiveness of the pandan plant in repelling cockroaches.

Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

Frankenstein Essay Mary Shelley wrote the novel Frankenstein. The novel is also known as the modern Prometheus. Mary Shelley, her husband Percy and Lord Byron went to Lake Geneva. Lord Byron challenged the group to a ghost story. After that Mary Shelley had a dream which then made her start writing her ghost story. Her dream was of a boy which made a machine, a man, which showed signs of life. Mary then had the basis of her story and went on to complete the novel in 1817 and published it in 1818, in London when she was 18 years old. Another thing which influenced Mary in writing Frankenstein was Jean Jacques Rousseau, a French philosopher, writer and composer in the 18th century. She was deeply motivated by his thoughts and dreams. Her description in Frankenstein closely resembles her documentations of Rousseau’s wanderings throughout his days of exile. This probably gave her an idea of making the monster alone after her idea of a man made human machine. Also Mary knew that Rousseau abandoned his children to an orphanage which Mary disapproved of, but I think this gave her the idea of Victor abandoning his creation, this also happened to Mary when she was young and it also happened to Rousseau when he was young. They were both dreamers, yet outcasts and both found inspiration in loneliness and isolation. The novel Frankenstein is also called the modern Prometheus. The reason why the novels subtitle is called the modern Prometheus is because in Greek mythology, Prometheus was the titan who stole fire from god and gave it to man. Victor stole the secret of creation of life from god in a way because he created a being in the likeness of a man. He stole this ‘fire’ or power and bought it to man just like Prometheus did. Mary Shelley evokes a sense of horror when Victor Frankenstein says in (chapter 5): â€Å"It was on a dreary night of November that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils. † This was when Victor creates life, a being in the likeness of a man. ‘Dreary’ could be dull, gloomy and evil. She included the month of November to show that it is near the end of the year and it creates a dark setting. November’ is also a cold, dreary month. It is before December (the last month of the year) so it could mean before death. ‘Beheld’ is carrying out or something which you have already carried out. It can create a sense of dread because the thing being carried out could be an evil thing which was carried out. The word ‘accomplishment’ can be victory, creation or achievement. It could be victory or achievement of the creation of something evil which creates the dread. In this case it was the achievement of creating life. ‘Toils’ is the hard work and hard work is work which is done over a long time. So if it is work done over a long period of time, than it gives you the feeling that something wicked is being created behind all the hard work. The second link is that Prometheus was the one who made humans, just like Victor did from scratch. This had lot in common with the classic Prometheus; the dream and the creation of a new species; the disregard of limits. â€Å"I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature open; it breathed hard, and a convulsive motion agitated its limbs. † The point where the new being had started its life also creates a sense of fear. ‘Dull’ is gloomy, dreary, evil and deadly. Yellow’ is a colour most commonly used in dangerous and dreadful creatures for the eyes and body so it makes the monster look bloodcurdling. The words ‘open’ and ‘breathed hard’ give the feeling of something is going to happen, a feeling of tension and suspense because it is the first breath of another human created and we do not know what is going to happen. ’Convulsive’ is the jerky muscular contractions resembling a spasm. It can also be the sudden violent movement of rage. It gives us a sense of terror because of the sudden violent movement; you do not know what the monster will do because he is a new creation. Agitated’ is disturbed or trouble. His limbs were troubled and agitated. You can also see it as being in a state of anxiety and not being calm, vigorously shaking back and forth and being restless. It can mean that the monster was impatient and keen to do something. Shelley creates this sense of horror in chapter 5 by making us feel that the monster is an evil person by describing him ‘dull’ and ‘yellow’. Also it creates horror because the monster has sudden violent movements as soon as he is born and is vigorously shaking because of his distressed state. There are 10 elements of a gothic novel. These are: set in castle, which often contains secret passages and hidden parts. Some of Frankenstein is set in darkness and horror for example when before Victor created the monster; he spent nights in churchyards and charnel houses collecting remains of dead bodies in places of dark and ghostly atmosphere. Here Shelley creates the horror. â€Å"As I dabbled among the unhallowed damps of the grave† ‘Dabbled’ can be when you dip your hand or foot into a liquid. But it can also be when someone plays around with their work and experiment things. ’Unhallowed’ is the opposite of hollow, so it is something which is not empty inside. It can also be seen as someone treating something with disrespect or violating the sacredness of something, to remove something from the grave. ‘Damp’ is something which has moisture, a slight wetness on an object. This is related to the gothic element of a setting in darkness or castle. So here, Victor is playing around with the bodies, trying to get a perfect body for his creation when he is dabbling. You can tell it is a body he wants because unhallowed is when it is not empty, and the graves are not empty because they have dead bodies which could be slight wet because they are in the ground. He is raising a body from a grave in a dark graveyard to create a new life. This is how Shelley creates the dread in this gothic element in chapter 4. An atmosphere of mystery and suspense, were fear is often enhanced by the unknown. The terrible, gloomy weather creates suspense and are also metaphors for sorrow and distress. Some gothic novels also contain ancient prophecies which could be obscure, profound or confusing. It could be omens, portents, visions or disturbing dreams like when Victor had a horrifying dream foreshadowing Elizabeth’s death. He was dreaming of Elizabeth who was healthy, but it turned out to be his mum corpse who he was kissing. Shelley creates the sense of horror here when Victor tells of his dream after he created his creation. â€Å"I slept indeed, but I was disturbed by the wildest dreams. I thought I saw Elizabeth, in the bloom of health, walking in the streets of Ingolstadt. Delighted and surprised, I embraced her, but as soon as I imprinted the first kiss on her lips, they became livid with the hue of death; her features appeared to change, and I thought I held the corpse of my dead mother in my arms, a shroud enveloped her form, and I saw the grave-worms crawling in the folds of the flannel. † This was the horrifying dream which Victor had in chapter 5. He thought he saw Elizabeth in the ‘bloom’ of health. A bloom can be a blossom or a flower or a seed starting to grow into a bud or flower. The dream starts off in a cheerful manner, but the fear starts to occur after he ‘embraces’ her. Embrace is when you meet someone, shake their hands, hug them or kiss them. But when he went to ‘imprint’ the kiss on her lips the delightfulness was blown away. Imprinted’ is when you stick, print, dent, mark or impress something or someone. Here it is used as printing a kiss on her lips. ‘Livid’ is something becoming discoloured, purple, bruised, enraged or unusual. ‘Hue’ is colour, a shade or tinge of colour. The lips became discoloured and unusual; they had the shade and colour of death on them. Shelley starts to create the sense of horror here. ‘Features’ are the characteristics of something. It is something which makes up an object or thing. Elizabeth’s features are the limbs and all parts of her body like the nose and eyes. They all started to change. ‘Corpse’ is a dead body. ‘Shroud’ is a covering, blanket, veil or cloak. ‘Enveloped’ is when something encloses on an object or when something surrounds it, an attacking force. ‘Flannel’ is a soft light piece of woollen fabric. I think Shelley used this dream to show that Victor regretted making his creation. As soon as he made it, he abandoned it. The dream was probably trying to tell Victor that he had done something very awful. Also, as soon as the dream had finished and he woke up, the monster was standing over him. The corpse in his dream could be the monster and it could be a vision telling him that your creation will do the same to you; he will be pleasant to you at first like the ‘bloom of health’ but then turn horrific like the corpse and hate you if you turn away from him. It can also mean that Victor is Elizabeth, a lovely, determined man, but after creating the monster he turned heart-less and deadly like the corpse and it comes to hunt him. Supernatural inexplicable events, dramatic, amazing events occur. In Frankenstein, the monster is the supernatural being when he is created. High emotion, characters are often overcome by anger, sorrow, surprise and most often, terror like in Frankenstein the monster is very heart-broken as he finds out no one loves him, even though he loves many humans, so he becomes angry, distraught and lonely. Some gothic novels also have women in distress, threatened by a powerful, tyrannical male. They also have metonymy of gloom and horrors e. g. wind, rain, moans and howls. Terrible weather used by Mary Shelley for dread and horror in Frankenstein is an example of this. It was already one in the morning; the rain pattered dismally against the panes, and my candle was nearly burnt out. † This was at the beginning of chapter 5 when Victor finishes creating his creation. Shelley used dreadful weather (a gothic element) and the completion of Victor’s creation at the same time to create the sense of horror. The monster opened his eyes just after the heavy rain started to beating against the panes. ’Pattered dismally’ is when the rain patters on your window in a dreadful and cheerless manner. ‘My candle was nearly burnt out’. It tells you how dreadful the weather was. The candle was almost burnt out inside a room, and as soon as the candle was almost burnt out, the monster opened his eyes. Shelley used this in an obvious way to create tension and that dread of the horrendous weather and light being gone out from the room combined with the yellow eyes of the monster opening. The monster in Frankenstein is symbolic of many things. Misogyny is one of them. Victor left Elizabeth for his determination of learning new ideas and to feed his craving for knowledge and learning. We sat late. We could not tear ourselves away from each other, nor persuade ourselves to say the word ‘farewell! ’ It was said; and we retired under the pretence of seeking repose, each fancying that the other was deceived. † It is symbolic of Frankenstein (the monster) because the monster stopped the doctor from being with Elizabeth. It may be a symbol of science because it is repeatedly shown in the novel as an alternat ive way of understanding the world to that offered by religion. The monster is a warning against scientific progress. The creature represents this in both its power and its deformities (both physical and moral). The warning against scientific progress is shown when Victor creates a new being and all the casualties which occur after for going advance in science, like the death of Victors brother and Elizabeth, and the loneliness, isolation and being neglected causes the creature rage and sorrow, which after causes him to become evil. It may be symbolic of the parent child relationship. The monster grows up unloved, nameless and untutored-it is a moral lesson to parents about their obligations to their children. Shelly’s tragedy is similar. She lost her mother 10 days after she was born and grew up alone most of the time, so she could be making the monster symbolic of her. It symbolises destructive nature of dangerous ambition in psychological tale. It also considers the question of whether man is born evil or made evil by society, as we see in Frankenstein, the monster is born loving and caring, but the rejection of Victor and other humans made him loose his love and was made evil by society. Shelley uses the monster to symbolise those who have lost their freedom. His purpose is political. Frankenstein contains romanticism. The romantic period had an influence on Mary Shelley. This novel contains many elements of romance, but there are three main ones. These are powerful love, unreturned love and uncertainty of reciprocation. The monster had powerful love when he was born, he was not born evil. He loved Victor very much and begged him for the redeeming power of love. But Victor disliked the monster and abandoned him and his duty to look after his creation. This was unreturned love, the second element, where the monster loved Victor, but he did not give the love back. He held up the curtain of the bed; and his eyes, if eyes they may be called, were fixed on me. His jaws opened, and he muttered some inarticulate sounds, while a grin wrinkled his cheeks. He might have spoken, but I did not hear; one hand was stretched out, seemingly to detain me, but I escaped, and rushed downstairs†. ‘Inarticulate’ is someone who is speechless, who is not speaking clearly, and hesitating and mumbling. ’grin’ is a smile, smirk or a pleasant beam. ‘Detain’ is to hold someone, arrest or capture someone. You can see this as a non-evil side and an evil side. The negative way you can see this is the monster opening the bed curtain and fixing his eyes on Victor, as if he was going to do something to him. This is where Shelley starts to create the fear. His mouth opened to say something, he may have wanted to curse Victor or say something unpleasant towards him for creating him and then running away from him. His hand was probably stretched out to capture Victor and hold him a prisoner, before Victor runs away. I think that this is unreturned love. This is where the monster wanted to be loved, and he loved Victor. I see this as a non-evil side. The monster opened the bed curtains to wake up Victor from his horrific dream which the monster could see because of Victor’s convulsive limbs, he wanted to help Victor. His eyes were fixed on Victor because it was the first time he ever saw him properly and wanted to be loved by him. When he opened his mouth to say something, he probably wanted to say some compassionate words and then when he stretched his hands out, he probably wanted to hold Victor and hug him for creating him; for giving him life again. But Victor probably thought he was trying to attack him so he escaped, but I think that the monster wanted love which was not returned to him. An example of the third element is when the monster watched and studied a family of cottagers, he felt as if he was part of their family without even meeting them. Even after the cottager’s rejection, he still had hope that they would accept him. This shows the uncertainty of reciprocation, where someone is uncertain if something is going to be returned. In Frankenstein, the monster is the example of this, he is unsure if he is ever going to be loved. The Enlightenment was a very optimistic, yet realistic, era in history. It found people rallying for major changes to take place. The attitude of the Enlightenment was to question everything and think deeply about its meaning, challenging the importance and validity of tradition. In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, Shelley portrays ideas about progress, optimism, liberty, fate, happiness, nature, and the physical world in a manner that supports Enlightenment attitudes. The enlightenment age encouraged everyone to use reason and science in order to rid the world of barbarism and superstition. In Frankenstein, Shelley argues that Frankenstein’s role as an enlightenment hero, not only pulled him out of nature, but made him a slave to his creation, and that Frankenstein’s role as a revolting romantic failed, because he did not take responsibility for his creation and mankind must find a balance between the enlightenment and romantic ideologies. When Victor takes a moment to ponder upon a story from his youth, we get a glimpse at the Enlightenment view of fate. Victor recalls a time when he was fifteen and lightning not just split, but splintered, a tree near his house. A well researched natural philosopher just happened to be with him at the time, and when he explained the scientific concepts that had destroyed the tree, Victor immersed himself in the study of mathematics and the sciences related to mathematics. â€Å"As I stood at the door, on a sudden I beheld a stream of fire issue from an old and beautiful oak which stood about twenty yards issue from our house; and so soon as the dazzling light vanished, the oak had disappeared, and nothing remained but a blasted stump. When we visited it the next morning, we found the tree shattered in a singular manner. It was not splintered by the shock, but entirely reduced to thin ribands of wood. I never beheld anything so utterly destroyed. † ‘Behold’ is to see, to hold, to think or be felt. ‘Stream’ is the smaller part of a river. It is also used for something wavy or floating. ‘Issue’ is a subject, concern, problem, number or copy. I think in this quote it means rising. The ‘oak’ is a type of wood and also a tree name. ‘Dazzling’ is something shining or glimmering in your eyes, and lighting is the dazzling here. ‘Blasted stump’ is a blown and horrible base or remain. Shattered’ is something broken, devastated, crushed or traumatized. A ‘singular manner’ is a shocking, extraordinary way. ‘Ribands’ is pieces of material. So in chapter 2 Victor says about how he saw a wave of fire rise from an old tree outside his house. The tree had disappeared as soon as the lightning had struck it and all that remained was the base of the tree. When he visited it the next morning, the tree was crushed in an astonishing way. It was reduced to strips of woods and he had never seen anything like this before. The enlightenment encouraged people to use science and reason to rid of false ideas and beliefs. After Victor had seen this, a man of great research of natural philosophy was with him and he explained to Victor about electricity and galvanism (electricity produced by chemical action and in biology, galvanism is the contraction of a muscle that is stimulated by an electric current). Victor had never heard of these theories or ideas before about electricity. This was new to him and in future when he made his monster he used electricity from lightning to stimulate the body of movement. There is a small amount of dread and horror which Shelley has created in this quote. Words like vanishing, disappearing, shattered and splintered give you negative feelings of something happening. This can be the story of Victor when he just finished creating the monster. â€Å"As I stood at the door, on a sudden I beheld a stream of fire issue from an old and beautiful oak which stood about twenty yards issue from our house†. This can be Victor standing at the door when his creation is about to be finished and he saw a new body rising from an old body which stood about 20 yards from him. And as soon as the dazzling light vanished, the oak had disappeared, and nothing remained but a blasted stump. When we visited it the next morning, we found the tree shattered in a singular manner†. And as soon as the creature was born, Victor disappeared, the tree could be Victor, and nothing remained but the monster. When Victor visited it the next morning, the monster was traumatized and devastated in a shocking way because he was left alone at his birth. It was not splintered by the shock, but entirely reduced to thin ribands of wood. I never beheld anything so utterly destroyed† He was not devastated by being created again, but because Victor abandoned him and Victor could not believe he created a new being. This vision which he saw of the lightning could have been a warning to him not to go ahead with his ideas; otherwise there would be danger and consequences. The dream which he had in Chapter 5 after creating the monster, could have been telling him that he is now in danger and he has consequences for creating the monster.

Brave New World Theme Analysis Essay -- essays research papers

"'God isn't compatible with machinery and scientific medicine and universal happiness.'" So says Mustapha Mond, the World Controller for Western Europe in Aldous Huxley's novel Brave New World. In doing so, he highlights a major theme in this story of a Utopian society. Although the people in this modernized world enjoy no disease, effects of old age, war, poverty, social unrest, or any other infirmities or discomforts, Huxley asks 'is the price they pay really worth the benefits?' This novel shows that when you must give up religion, high art, true science, and other foundations of modern life in place of a sort of unending happiness, it is not worth the sacrifice. True, the citizens of this "brave new world" do enjoy many refinements and benefits to life. Lenina shows one thing they enjoy when on the reservation she sees an old Indian man and reacts with, "'What's the matter with him?'†¦ 'He's old, that's all,'†¦ 'But the Director's old; lots of people are old; they're not like that.'" (Huxley 110) Evidently Utopia has succeeded in eliminating the effects of old age. Being able to live one's entire life youthful certainly would be wonderful. It is not a thrilling prospect to grow weaker with age, gradually having your sense's perceptiveness fade, so most anyone would prefer this 'unimpaired youth.' There are other things which also make life easier, pointed out by Mustapha Mond talking to John the Savage, "'But there aren't any wars nowadays†¦There's no such thing as a divided allegiance; you're so conditioned that you can't help doing what you ought to do. And what you ought to do is on the whole s o pleasant, so many of the natural impulses are allowed free play, that there really aren't any temptations to resist. And if ever, by some unlucky chance, anything unpleasant should somehow happen, why, there's always soma to give you a holiday from the facts,'" (Huxley 243, 244). The people are never unhappy, there is nothing in society to bring about strong emotions, and any desires they have are almost immediately fulfilled. If anything is wrong, the people can take soma, a drug that makes you happy and high and has no adverse affects. One might be led to believe that this society is a perfect place to live, since all the inhabitants are eternally happy. The... .... The Savage could see that it was nothing but valueless vice, and when he accidentally succumbs to that which he so detested, he commits suicide after waking from his 'soma holiday.' Aldous Huxley is also sending us many warning messages with his novel. If we spend too much of our lives pursuing happiness through physical fulfillment, we will miss out on what is truly important, our relationships with other people and with God. He is also telling us to be careful with our science, or we may end up like the Utopians, mass producing identical citizens, then brainwashing them to think alike, and to think exactly what the government mandates. Huxley tells us not to cheapen sex through promiscuity, because it is supposed to be something to express a deep and undying love to someone, not a simple carnal pleasure. These were just some of the mistakes the Utopians made, all of which contributed to their lives being shallow and meaningless. They were not truly happy, because they misplac ed their values and failed to see what brings true joy and peace in one's life. The apparent blissfulness in which they lived turned out to be nothing, their Utopia was not worth the high price they paid.

Produce a detailed and linguistically well-informed

Produce a detailed and linguistically well- informed analysis of the editor's letter from Elle magazine (July 2012) which focuses on the process of ‘synthetic personalisation By harpur91 Produce a detailed and linguistically well-informed analysis of the editor's letter from Elle magazine Ouly 2012) which focuses on the process of ‘synthetic personalisation What I am going to look like, in relevance to the above question, is the process of synthetic personalisation in the magazine, ELLE (July 2012).I am therefore going to nclude work produced by Norman Fairclough and his ideas on this process, but also including lexical features, conversationalisation; in which can be spilt up into numerous features combined under this discourse. Firstly, however, I am going to have to understand the terms In order to produce a detailed and linguistically well- Informed analysis of the editors letter from said magazine. The first area I am going to focus on is Synthetic personalisation'.F airclough defined this concept as being â€Å"a compensatory tendency to give the impression of treating each of the people handled' en masse as an individual† (Fairclough 2001 :52) this therefore it begins to become a process of addressing the mass audience, whilst speaking to them as they were Individuals. Thus, showing off an element of conversationalisatlon, not only that, but It begins to show Ideas of Informality with the language used throughout articles etc___ However when looking deeper into the Issue. we begin to see that this is only a cover-up, an attempt to give the impression that they are speaking on an informal, one-to-one basis.This therefore shows elements of manipulation; giving us, as the udience a false sense of intimacy, or fake intimacy (Hoggart 1957) with the writer. Furthermore this begins to signify the phoney sense of belonging we have with the text given, we are not seen as being an individual but as a collective group of people. Falrclough would t herefore describe and label the concepts spoken above as conversationallsation. As we begin to progress, we begin to see a clear difference In both private and public outputs. â€Å"People do not expect to be spoken down to, lectured or got at'.They expect to be spoken to in a familiar, friendly and informal anner as they were equals on the the same footing as the speaker† (Scannell, 1996:24) not only does this relate to radio and television, but it could be incorporated into the magazine and Journalist Industry. People reading Journalistic products such as ELLE magazine; expect to be treated In a certain way, a way In which Is Informal, conversational In order to gain that Illusion of Individualisation, rather than them addressing the audience as a whole.Conversationalisation is a â€Å"term used by Fairclough (1994:260) who describes it as ‘a restructuring of the boundary between ublic and private orders of discourse' Fairclough also notes that it involves the use of language that is normally associated with conversation† (Baker 2011 :22) because of tnls, we can Degln to see tnls development Detween tne relatlonsnlp 0T tne speaker and reader therefore creating this emotional connection, rather than it Just being informational.Furthermore â€Å"it could be argued that in capitalist societies, conversationalisation is often used as a way of securing customer loyalty by helping them create the appearance of a personal relationship† (Baker 2011 :23) this therefore inks back to the idea that companies/ in this case ELLE magazine writers have the ability to address a mass audience, but making them feel like they are being spoken to individually. And when it builds this relationship with the reader, they are able to exploit them through subtle, inclusive language.The editor's letter from ELLE magazine, shows off similar ideas of this informality of conversationalisation, we as the audience, when reading this text, may see it as being some thing you would sit amongst friends and chat about, thus giving that informal conversation (e. . â€Å"l wanted to pick the star of the show, the person you all want to date – sorry I mean meet) this shows that Joke like attitude women may converse in when with their girlfriends. Thus showing, in essence a form of popular opinion, allowing the readers to feel some sort of connection.Not only this, but specific language used throughout texts of this nature, i. e. fashion magazines, show a clear representation of that conversation amongst friends. And like said previously, the writer begins to address you as an individual, rather than a collective group. This therefore is a clear representation of language; that they are being supportive friends therefore helping another friend out in need. Lexical features are also used throughout this text in order to reinforce the idea of the writer personally addressing their ideas to an individual.For example, pronouns such as; l, you and we are used throughout this text, to make the reader feel connected to this historical fashion debut. An example of this would be; â€Å"this is the first time in ELLE's 27-year history we have put a man on the cover. I didn't take the decision lightly- after all, this is a LUXARY fashion magazine for women† not only is it addressing all women, whom have some sort of interest in fashion, but it begins to show off an element that, you as the reader had some sort of insight in picking and being a part of this event.Not only this, but the editor begins to apologise to those, whom thought R-Patz (Robert Pattinson) would grace their historical cover. â€Å"l feel I have to apologise to the R-Patz fans who hoped our first-ever cover man would be him (and told me repeatedly on Facebook and Twitter! ) Again, with the synthetic personalisation aspect, we begin to see that there is a clear formality of the writer-reader element. The fact they apologised, signifies the element of inti macy, thus allowing those to thought he would grace the cover, some clarification into why they chose David Beckham instead.When analysing the editor's letter in more detail, we begin to see the use of pronouns and how the language and context it is used in conforms to the idea of togetherness. The pronoun; we, is used during the letter, this therefore shows the representation of a hared identity of the audience, not only that but it becomes clear that the language used is in a specific way in which creates the idea of a togetherness for the audience, that they feel a part of this.The pronouns used do not Just simply and directly conform to the friendly stereotype between writer-reader but, they are also used in terms of exclusively, where there used amongst the editorial team therefore contributes to† setting up the producer as a team; the anonymous group voice is a Trlen01y gossip In tne orlentatlon Deneatn tn 5/6) tnls tnereTore hows that the editorial team act like a famil y, in which create the illusion of a wider- social informal friend-like association between writer-reader.For example â€Å"l knew I had made the right decision as I noted the giddiness among the editorial team before the shoot† this shows the clear representation of the pronouns used in order create the family-like background for the reader, it signifies a family into which collectively decides on what is right. And because of this, we as the audience/reader feel like this is addressing us on a personal/individual level. Not only does language ncorporate the idea of directly addressing an individual rather than a collective group, but the use of parenthesis can also create the idea of a quiet word between friends, therefore backing up this element.Within the editor's letter from ELLE â€Å"we have done two covers for the newsstand issue (so you can go out and buy the alternative, too) and a very SPECIAL illustrated collectors' cover for our loyal and much-valued subscribers (weVe also made a video for your eyes only, subscribers† with this, it represents ideas that if you are a loyal subscriber you can get extra ontent etc.. which therefore could symbolise ideas of your much closer friends. Therefore you are able to talk more and gain a more insightful understanding of the content. However this could be represented in a completely different light.The fact that this may mean the exploitation of individuals, in which creating the idea that you can get more from this issue if you become a subscriber, therefore reinforces the capitalist society. Overall when looking at what has been said, I can conclude that synthetic personalisation has played a massive part in the print industry, focusing ore on the fashion magazine ELLE, the fact we are able to see and understand the linguistic features used in order to create this illusion of a friendship connection between writer and reader and how, they have used their power in order to manipulate the audience .And because of this, the audience finds it more helpful knowing that they have some sort of â€Å"friend† to lend a helping hand. Not only that, but because the private and public have started to merge, we are seeing elements of public events being used for private consumption. But people are able to interpret hings different when there in private, than they could if they were in public.But overall, there are so many elements in ELLE magazine which represent the linguistic attributes in exploiting an audience through language and grammer.